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BP304TSemester 33 creditsTheory

General Pharmacology

Complete unit-wise syllabus for BP304T as per the PCI B.Pharm NEP 2020 curriculum (Semester 3 — Machine Learning + Pharmacology).

All Sem 3 Subjects
URL:https://pharmacode.vercel.app/syllabus/semester-3/bp304t-general-pharmacology/

Unit-wise Syllabus

5 Units
1
Introduction to Pharmacology and Drug Development8 Hours
  • Definition, scope, and importance of pharmacology; concept of generic medicines, essential drugs, and rational drug use (RDU); Indian Government's initiatives
  • Pharmacopoeias and drug standards; sources of drug information: textbooks, journals, electronic databases
  • Drug discovery and development: target identification, lead discovery, structure-activity relationships; brief overview of preclinical evaluation
2
Pharmacokinetics8 Hours
  • Drug absorption: mechanisms (passive diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion, pinocytosis); membrane transporters; factors affecting absorption; bioavailability and bioequivalence
  • Drug distribution: volume of distribution; plasma protein binding; blood-brain barrier; placental transfer; redistribution
  • Drug metabolism: Phase I (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) and Phase II (conjugation) reactions; hepatic first-pass effect; CYP450 enzymes; enzyme induction and inhibition
3
Pharmacodynamics8 Hours
  • Drug-receptor interactions: receptor theories (occupancy, rate, induced-fit, two-state); types of receptors (GPCRs, ion channels, nuclear receptors, enzyme-linked)
  • Dose-response relationships: graded and quantal responses; ED50, LD50, therapeutic index; agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists
  • Signal transduction pathways and second messengers; selectivity and specificity; structure-activity relationships
4
Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions8 Hours
  • ADRs: definition, classification (Type A, B, C, D, E); mechanisms; WHO causality assessment (Naranjo scale); pharmacovigilance and reporting
  • Drug interactions: pharmacokinetic (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and pharmacodynamic interactions; clinically significant interactions
  • Drug toxicity: predictable and unpredictable toxicity; acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity testing (OECD norms); genotoxicity and teratogenicity
5
Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs8 Hours
  • Preclinical evaluation: in vitro and in vivo screening methods; reconstructed human tissues; animal models for disease
  • Clinical trials: phases I-IV; study designs; ICH E6 GCP guidelines; CTRI registration; regulatory requirements in India (Schedule Y)
  • Definition and basic knowledge of preclinical toxicity testing: acute, sub-acute, combined chronic/carcinogenicity testing per OECD norms; genotoxicity and teratogenicity principles

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  • Reference textbooks and recommended reading list
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